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Operation and maintenance points of oil-immersed transformer:
1. Prevent overload operation of transformer: long-term overload operation will cause heating of coil and gradually aging insulation, resulting in short circuit between boxes, short circuit between phases or short circuit to ground and decomposition of oil.
2, to ensure the insulation oil quality: in the storage, transportation or operation maintenance of transformer insulation oil, if the oil quality is poor or too much impurities, moisture, will reduce the insulation strength. When the insulation strength is reduced to a certain value, the transformer shortens, causing sparks, arcs, or dangerous temperatures. Therefore, the transformer in operation should be regularly tested for oil quality, unqualified oil should be replaced in time.
3, prevent aging insulation damage of transformer core: aging insulation of iron core or damage of clamping bolt sleeve will cause large eddy current of iron core, which will cause long-term heating of iron core and cause aging insulation.
4, to prevent accidental damage to insulation: transformer maintenance core, pay attention to the protection coil or insulation sleeve, if there is any abrasion damage, should be promptly handled.
5, ensure good contact of the wire: the coil internal connector contact, the connection between the coil, lead to the high, low voltage side sleeve contact, as well as the tap switch on the fulcrums contact bad, will produce local overheating, insulation damage, short circuit or break. At this time, the high temperature of the arc will make the insulation oil decomposition, produce a lot of gas, the pressure inside the transformer plus. When the pressure exceeds the fixed value of gas breaker protection and does not trip, an explosion will occur.
6, prevent electric shock: power transformer power supply is generally through the overhead line, and overhead line is easy to be struck by lightning, transformer will be destroyed because of the breakdown of insulation.
7, short circuit protection to be reliable: transformer coil or load short circuit, the transformer will bear considerable short circuit current, if the protection system failure or protection fixed value is too large, it may burn down the transformer. For this reason, a reliable short-circuit protection device must be installed.
8. Good grounding: for the low-voltage system with zero protection connection, the neutral point on the low-voltage side of the transformer shall be directly grounded. When the three-phase load is unbalanced, current will appear on the zero line. When this current is too high and the contact resistance is too high, a high temperature will occur at the site, igniting the combustible material around it.
9, to prevent overtemperature: transformer operation should monitor the temperature changes. If the transformer coil wire is A grade insulation, its insulation is mainly paper and cotton yarn, the temperature of the insulation and service life of A great impact, every 8℃ rise in temperature, insulation life will be reduced by about 50%. The transformer operates at normal temperature (90 ℃) and has a service life of about 20 years. If the temperature rises to 105℃, the life span is 7 years. If the temperature rises to 120℃, the life span is only 2 years. Therefore, good ventilation and cooling must be maintained when the transformer is running, and forced ventilation can be adopted when necessary to reduce the temperature rise of the transformer.
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